Ho utloisisa hore na Capacitor e Sebetsa Joang: Ho qoela ka botebo ka Ts'ebetso, Likopo le Phello.

Li-capacitor li fumaneha hohle lefats'eng la lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, tsa bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea lisebelisoa le litsamaiso tse ngata. Li bonolo moqapong oa tsona empa li feto-fetoha ka mokhoa o makatsang lits'ebetsong tsa tsona. Ho ananela ka 'nete karolo ea li-capacitor ho thekenoloji ea morao-rao, ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba sebopeho sa bona, melao-motheo ea motheo, boitšoaro ba li-circuits, le bophara ba ts'ebeliso ea bona. Patlisiso ena e felletseng e tla fana ka kutloisiso e phethahetseng ea hore na li-capacitor li sebetsa joang, ho atoloha tšusumetsong ea tsona ho thekenoloji le bokhoni ba bona ba kamoso.

Sebopeho sa Motheo sa Capacitor

Motheong oa eona, capacitor e na le lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductive tse arohaneng ke thepa e sireletsang e tsejoang e le dielectric. Sebopeho sena sa mantlha se ka etsoa ka mefuta e fapaneng, ho tloha ho parallel-plate capacitor ho ea ho meralo e rarahaneng joalo ka li-cylindrical kapa spherical capacitor. Lipoleiti tsa conductive hangata li entsoe ka tšepe, joalo ka aluminium kapa tantalum, athe thepa ea dielectric e ka tloha ho ceramic ho ea lifiliming tsa polymer, ho latela ts'ebeliso e khethehileng.

Lipoleiti li kopantsoe le potoloho e ka ntle, hangata ka li-terminals tse lumellang ho sebelisoa ha motlakase. Ha motlakase o sebelisoa ho pholletsa le lipoleiti, sebaka sa motlakase se hlahisoa ka har'a dielectric, se lebisang ho bokelleng ha litefiso lipoleiti-tse ntle holim'a poleiti e le 'ngoe le tse mpe ho tse ling. Karohano ena ea litefiso ke mokhoa oa mantlha oo ka onali-capacitorsboloka matla a motlakase.

Fisiks e ka morao ea polokelo ea tefiso

Mokhoa oa ho boloka matla ka capacitor o laoloa ke melao-motheo ea electrostatics. Ha motlakase

V e sebelisoa ho pholletsa le lipoleiti tsa capacitor, sebaka sa motlakase

E tsoela pele ka thepa ea dielectric. Tšimo ena e fana ka matla ho lielektrone tse sa lefelloeng lipoleiting tsa conductive, e leng se etsang hore li tsamaee. Li-electrone li bokella holim'a poleiti e le 'ngoe, li etsa tefiso e mpe, ha poleiti e' ngoe e lahleheloa ke li-electrone, e fetoha e ntle.

Thepa ea dielectric e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng bokhoni ba capacitor ba ho boloka litefiso. E etsa joalo ka ho fokotsa sebaka sa motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti bakeng sa tekanyo e fanoeng ea tefiso e bolokiloeng, e leng ho eketsang ka katleho bokhoni ba sesebelisoa. Bokhoni

C e hlalosoa e le karolelano ea tefiso

Q bolokoa lipoleiti ho motlakase

V e sebelisitsoe:

Equation ena e bontša hore capacitance e lekana ka ho toba le tefiso e bolokiloeng bakeng sa motlakase o fanoeng. The unit of capacitance ke farad (F), e reheletsoeng ka Michael Faraday, pula-maliboho thutong ea electromagnetism.

Lintlha tse 'maloa li susumetsa bokhoni ba capacitor:

1. Sebaka sa Bokaholimo sa Lipoleiti: Lipoleiti tse kholo li ka boloka tefiso e ngata, e lebisang ho matla a phahameng.
2. Sebaka Pakeng Tsa Lipoleiti: Sebaka se senyenyane se eketsa matla a tšimo ea motlakase 'me, ka hona, matla.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa Dielectric: Mofuta oa dielectric o ama bokhoni ba capacitor ho boloka tefiso. Lisebelisoa tse nang le dielectric constant e phahameng (permittivity) li eketsa bokhoni.

Ha e le hantle, li-capacitor li na le matla ho tloha ho picofarads (pF) ho ea ho farads (F), ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba tsona, moralo le ts'ebeliso e reriloeng.

Polokelo ea Matla le Phallo

Matla a bolokiloeng ka capacitor ke ts'ebetso ea matla a eona le sekwere sa motlakase ho pholletsa le lipoleiti tsa eona. Matla

E bolokiloe e ka hlalosoa e le:

Equation ena e senola hore matla a bolokiloeng ka capacitor a eketseha ka matla le motlakase. Habohlokoa, mochine oa ho boloka matla ka li-capacitor o fapane le oa libeteri. Le hoja libeteri li boloka matla ka lik'hemik'hale 'me li a lokolla butle-butle, li-capacitor li boloka matla ka mokhoa oa motlakase 'me li ka li lokolla hoo e ka bang hang-hang. Phapang ena e etsa hore li-capacitor e be tse loketseng lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho phatloha kapele ha matla.

Ha potoloho e ka ntle e lumella, capacitor e ka ntša matla a eona a bolokiloeng, e lokolla tefiso e bokelitsoeng. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho ntša e ka matlafatsa likarolo tse fapaneng potolohong, ho latela bokhoni ba capacitor le litlhoko tsa potoloho.

Li-capacitor ho Lipotoloho tsa AC le DC

Boitšoaro ba li-capacitor bo fapana haholo pakeng tsa li-circuits tsa hona joale tse tobileng (DC) le li-alternating current (AC), e leng se etsang hore e be likarolo tse fapaneng tsa moralo oa elektronike.

1. Li-capacitor ho Lipotoloho tsa DC: Potolohong ea DC, ha capacitor e hokahane le mohloli oa motlakase, qalong e lumella hona joale hore e phalle ha e ntse e tjhaja. Ha capacitor e ntse e tjhaja, motlakase ho pholletsa le lipoleiti tsa eona oa eketseha, o hanyetsa matla a sebelisoang. Qetellong, motlakase ho pholletsa le capacitor o lekana le motlakase o sebelisitsoeng, 'me phallo ea hona joale e emisa, ka nako eo capacitor e qosoa ka ho feletseng. Nakong ena, capacitor e sebetsa e le potoloho e bulehileng, e thibela ka katleho phallo efe kapa efe ea hona joale.Thepa ena e sebelisoa hampe lits'ebetsong tse kang ho theola ho feto-fetoha ha phepelo ea motlakase, moo li-capacitor li ka sefang maqhubu a motlakase oa DC, ho fana ka tlhahiso e tsitsitseng.
2. Li-capacitor ho Lipotoloho tsa AC: Potolohong ea AC, motlakase o sebelisoang ho capacitor o lula o fetola tsela. Matla ana a fetohang a etsa hore capacitor e lefelle ka mokhoa o mong le ho tsoa ka potoloho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lets'oao la AC. Ka lebaka la boits'oaro bona, li-capacitor lipotolohong tsa AC li lumella hore hona joale AC e fete ha e ntse e thibela leha e le efeLikarolo tsa DC.The impedance
   $ZZ$

    

   Z ea capacitor potolohong ea AC e fanoa ke:

    

   $Z=12\pi fCZ\; =\; \backslash frac\{1\}\{2\backslash pi\; fC\}$

    
   

Hokaef ke maqhubu a lets'oao la AC. Equation ena e bonts'a hore impedance ea capacitor e fokotseha ka makhetlo a ntseng a eketseha, e leng se etsang hore li-capacitor li be le thuso ho sefa lits'ebetso moo li ka thibelang mats'oao a maqhubu a tlase (joalo ka DC) ha li ntse li lumella matšoao a maqhubu a phahameng (joalo ka AC) ho feta.

Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa li-Capacitors

Li-capacitor li bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata likarolong tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho boloka le ho lokolla matla, lipontšo tsa sefa, le ho susumetsa nako ea lipotoloho li etsa hore e be tsa bohlokoa haholo lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa elektroniki.

1. Mekhoa ea Phepelo ea Matla: Lipotolohong tsa phepelo ea matla, li-capacitor li sebelisetsoa ho theola ho feto-fetoha ha motlakase, ho fana ka tlhahiso e tsitsitseng. Sena se bohlokoa haholo lisebelisoa tse hlokang phepelo ea motlakase e tsitsitseng, joalo ka likhomphutha le li-smartphone. Li-capacitor litsamaisong tsena li sebetsa joalo ka lifilthara, li monya li-spikes le li-dips ho voltage le ho netefatsa phallo e tsitsitseng ea motlakase.Ho feta moo, li-capacitor li sebelisoa phepelong ea motlakase e sa senyeheng (UPS) ho fana ka matla a bekapo nakong ea ho khaoha ha nakoana. Li-capacitor tse kholo, tse tsejoang e le li-supercapacitor, li sebetsa ka ho khetheha lits'ebetsong tsena ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona bo phahameng le bokhoni ba ho tsoa ka potlako.
2. Tshebetso ea Letshwao: Lipotolohong tsa analog, li-capacitor li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea matšoao. Li sebelisoa ho li-filters ho fetisa kapa ho thibela mefuta e itseng ea maqhubu, ho theha lets'oao bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele. Mohlala, lisebelisoa tsa molumo, li-capacitor li thusa ho sefa lerata le sa batleheng, ho netefatsa hore ke maqhubu a molumo a lakatsehang feela a holisoang le ho fetisoa.Li-capacitor li boetse li sebelisoa ho kopanya le ho kopanya lisebelisoa. Ka ho kopanya, capacitor e lumella matšoao a AC hore a fete ho tloha sethaleng se seng sa potoloho ho ea ho se seng ha a ntse a thibela likarolo tsa DC tse ka sitisang ts'ebetso ea mekhahlelo e latelang. Ka ho kopanya, li-capacitor li beoa ho pholletsa le mehala ea phepelo ea motlakase ho sefa lerata le ho le thibela ho ama likarolo tse bobebe.
3. Tokiso ea lipotoloho: Litsamaisong tsa seea-le-moea le tsa puisano, li-capacitor li sebelisoa hammoho le li-inductors ho etsa lipotoloho tsa resonant tse ka tsamaellanang le maqhubu a itseng. Bokhoni bona ba tokiso bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khetha mats'oao a lakatsehang ho tsoa mefuteng e pharaletseng, joalo ka liamoheli tsa seea-le-moea, moo li-capacitor li thusang ho arola le ho holisa lets'oao la thahasello.
4. Nako le Lipotoloho tsa Oscillator: Li-capacitor, hammoho le li-resistors, li sebelisoa ho etsa lipotoloho tsa nako, tse kang tse fumanoang lioacheng, li-timers le lijenereithara tsa pulse. Ho tjhaja le ho ntsha capacitor ka sehanyetsi ho baka tieho ya nako e lebellehang, e ka sebediswang ho hlahisa matshwao a nako le nako kapa ho tsosa diketsahalo ka dinako tse itseng.Li-circuits tsa oscillator, tse hlahisang maqhubu a tsoelang pele, li boetse li itšetlehile ka li-capacitor. Lipotolohong tsena, litefiso tsa capacitor le li-dicharge cycles li theha li-oscillation tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa matšoao a sebelisoang nthong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho tloha ho li-radio ho ea ho li-synthesizer tsa 'mino oa elektroniki.
5. Polokelo ea Matla: Li-Supercapacitor, tse tsejoang hape e le ultracapacitor, li emela tsoelo-pele e kholo ho theknoloji ea polokelo ea matla. Lisebelisoa tsena li ka boloka matla a mangata le ho li lokolla ka potlako, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho fana ka matla ka potlako, joalo ka lits'ebetsong tsa braking tse nchafatsang likoloing tsa motlakase. Ho fapana le libeteri tsa setso, li-supercapacitor li na le nako e telele ea bophelo, li khona ho mamella lipotoloho tse ngata tsa ho tjhaja, 'me li tjhaja kapele haholo.Li-supercapacitor li boetse li ntse li hlahlojoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa matla a tsosolositsoeng, moo li ka bolokang matla a hlahisoang ke lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi kapa li-turbine tsa moea le ho li lokolla ha ho hlokahala, ho thusa ho tsitsisa marang-rang a matla.
6. Li-Capacitors tsa Electrolytic: Li-electrolytic capacitor ke mofuta oa capacitor o sebelisang electrolyte ho finyella bokhoni bo phahameng ho feta mefuta e meng. Hangata li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong moo ho hlokahalang matla a maholo ka molumo o monyenyane, joalo ka ho hloekisa matla le li-amplifiers tsa molumo. Leha ho le joalo, ba na le nako e lekanyelitsoeng ea bophelo ha ba bapisoa le li-capacitor tse ling, kaha electrolyte e ka omella ka mor'a nako, e lebisang ho lahleheloa ke matla le ho hlōleha ho qetella.

Mekhoa ea Bokamoso le Lintlafatso ho Capacitor Technology

Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, ho joalo le ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea capacitor. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba hlahloba lisebelisoa le meralo e mecha ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-capacitor, ho li etsa hore li sebetse hantle, li tšoarelle, 'me li khone ho boloka matla le ho feta.

1. Nanotechnology: Tsoelopele ho nanotechnology e lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea li-capacitor tse nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng. Ka ho sebelisa li-nanomaterials, tse kang graphene le carbon nanotubes, bafuputsi ba ka etsa li-capacitor tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla le li-cycle tse potlakileng tsa ho ntša chelete. Litlhahiso tsena li ka lebisa ho li-capacitor tse nyane, tse matla haholoanyane tse loketseng ho sebelisoa ho li-portable electronics le likoloi tsa motlakase.
2. Li-Capacitor tsa Naha tse Tiileng: Li-capacitor tse tiileng, tse sebelisang electrolyte e tiileng ho e-na le metsi, li ntse li ata haholo lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang hantle. Li-capacitor tsena li fana ka ts'epo e ntlafalitsoeng, nako e telele ea bophelo, le ts'ebetso e ntle ka mocheso o phahameng ha o bapisoa le li-electrolytic capacitor tsa setso.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa Elektronike tse Fetohang le tse Aparehang: Ha theknoloji e khabisoang le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse feto-fetohang li ntse li tsebahala haholoanyane, ho na le tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea li-capacitor tse khonang ho koba le ho otlolla ntle le ho lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba etsa li-capacitor tse feto-fetohang ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang li-polymers tse tsamaisang le lifilimi tse otlollang, tse nolofalletsang lits'ebetso tse ncha ho tsa bophelo bo botle, boikoetliso le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki.
4. Kotulo ea Matla: Li-Capacitor li boetse li bapala karolo ea theknoloji ea ho kotula matla, moo li sebelisetsoang ho boloka matla a nkiloeng mehloling ea tikoloho, joalo ka liphanele tsa letsatsi, li-vibrations kapa mocheso. Lisebelisoa tsena li ka fana ka matla ho lisebelisoa tse nyane kapa li-sensor libakeng tse hole, ho fokotsa tlhoko ea libeteri tsa setso.
5. Li-Capacitor tsa Mocheso o Phahameng: Ho na le lipatlisiso tse ntseng li tsoela pele mabapi le li-capacitor tse ka sebetsang maemong a mocheso a holimo, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea sebaka sa sefofane, likoloi le liindasteri. Li-capacitor tsena li sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa dielectric tse ka mamellang maemo a feteletseng, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang libakeng tse thata.

Qetello

Li-capacitor ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sejoale-joale, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka matla, ts'ebetso ea matšoao, taolo ea matla le lipotoloho tsa nako. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho boloka le ho lokolla matla ka potlako bo etsa hore ba tšoanelehe ka mokhoa o ikhethang ho mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa, ho tloha ho boreleli lisebelisoa tsa matla ho ea ho ho nolofalletsa ts'ebetso ea mekhoa e rarahaneng ea puisano. Ha thekenoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, nts'etsopele ea meralo le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa capacitor li tšepisa ho atolosa bokhoni ba tsona le ho feta, ho khanna mekhoa e mecha libakeng tse kang matla a tsosolositsoeng, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse feto-fetohang, le k'homphieutha e sebetsang hantle. Ho utloisisa hore na li-capacitor li sebetsa joang, le ho ananela ho feto-fetoha ha tsona le tšusumetso ea tsona, ho fana ka motheo oa ho hlahloba tšimo e kholo le e ntseng e hōla ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike.